[22] He served as student manager of both the baseball and football teams, and helped organize the inaugural Big Game versus the University of California. [262] Hoover's chief goal as food czar was to provide supplies to the Allied Powers, but he also sought to stabilize domestic prices and to prevent domestic shortages. She typified the new woman of the post-World War I era: intelligent, robust, and aware of multiple female possibilities. In the 1940s and 1950s, Hoover's public reputation was slightly rehabilitated by serving in various assignments for Presidents Harry S. Truman and Dwight D. Eisenhower, including as chairman of the Hoover Commission. [118], The Great Mississippi Flood of 1927 broke the banks and levees of the lower Mississippi River in early 1927, resulting in the flooding of millions of acres and leaving 1.5 million people displaced from their homes. The Herbert Hoover Presidential Library and Museum is located in West Branch, Iowa next to the Herbert Hoover National Historic Site. It is a tragedy. "The Rhetoric of the Post-Presidency: Herbert Hoover's Campaign against the New Deal, 1934-1936". The 1920 Census was the first and only Decennial Census where the results were not used to reapportion Congress, which ultimately influenced the 1928 Electoral College and impacted the Presidential Election. [146], On taking office, Hoover said that "given the chance to go forward with the policies of the last eight years, we shall soon with the help of God, be in sight of the day when poverty will be banished from this nation". His father, Jessie Hoover (1849–1880), was a blacksmith and farm implement I like learning and I'd like to experience some of history in person ! Whatever their politics, they shall be fed! [46] The Zinc Corporation developed the froth flotation process to extract zinc from lead-silver ore[47] and operated the world's first selective ore differential flotation plant. One observer described Hoover as "an orphan [who] seemed to be neglected in many ways". Because automotive trade associations were the best organized, many of the positions taken by the conferences reflected their interests. [117] Other accomplishments included winning the agreement of U.S. Steel to adopt an eight-hour workday, and the fostering of the Colorado River Compact, a water rights compact among Southwestern states. [95] In March 1920, he changed his strategy and declared himself to be a Republican; he was motivated in large part by the belief that the Democratic candidate would have little chance of winning the 1920 presidential election. [176] Hoover's opponents developed defamatory epithets to discredit him, such as "Hooverville" (the shanty towns and homeless encampments), "Hoover leather" (cardboard used to cover holes in the soles of shoes), and "Hoover blanket" (old newspaper used to cover oneself from the cold). Fausold Martin L. and George Mazuzan, eds. [187] The act increased taxes across the board, rolling back much of the tax cut reduction program Mellon had presided over during the 1920s. After the war, Hoover led the American Relief Administration, which provided food to the inhabitants of Central Europe and Eastern Europe. It cannot be done unless we exterminate or move 25,000,000 people out of it. Today is Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, a national day of service in honor of the slain civil rights leader and advocate for all of humanity. [110] He also established the federal government's power to inspect planes and license pilots, setting a precedent for the later Federal Aviation Administration. The third solution to was to fall back on that old tactic of twisting the British tail. [260][261] He died on October 20, 1964, in New York City following massive internal bleeding. Their plan was to drastically cut back on output from British Malaya, which had the effect of tripling rubber prices. [134], Hoover maintained polling leads throughout the 1928 campaign, and he decisively defeated Smith on election day, taking 58 percent of the popular vote and 444 of the 531 electoral votes. [3] Around age two "Bertie", as he was called during that time, contracted a serious bout of croup, and was momentarily thought to have died until resuscitated by his uncle, John Minthorn. In his nine major radio addresses Hoover primarily defended his administration and his philosophy of government, urging voters to hold to the "foundations of experience" and reject the notion that government interventionism could save the country from the Depression. [184] As these measures failed to stem the economic crisis, Hoover signed the Emergency Relief and Construction Act, a $2 billion public works bill, in July 1932. [80] As head of the Food Administration, Hoover gained a following in the United States, especially among progressives who saw in Hoover an expert administrator and symbol of efficiency. [52] Hoover became deeply interested in the history of science, and he was especially drawn to the De re metallica, an influential 16th century work on mining and metallurgy. [182] The same month the RFC was established, Hoover signed the Federal Home Loan Bank Act, establishing 12 district banks overseen by a Federal Home Loan Bank Board in a manner similar to the Federal Reserve System. Hoover had never been a strong proponent of Prohibition, but he accepted the Republican Party's plank in favor of it and issued an ambivalent statement calling Prohibition "a great social and economic experiment, noble in motive and far-reaching in purpose". [67] American diplomat Walter Page described Hoover as "probably the only man living who has privately (i.e., without holding office) negotiated understandings with the British, French, German, Dutch, and Belgian governments". Hoover pursued a variety of policies in an attempt to lift the economy, but opposed directly involving the federal government in relief efforts. In Freedom Betrayed, Hoover strongly critiques Roosevelt's foreign policy, especially Roosevelt's decision to recognize the Soviet Union in order to provide aid to that country during World War II. He led the federal response to the Great Mississippi Flood of 1927. Born into a Quaker family in 1874, Hoover … [212], By mid-1931 few observers thought that Hoover had much hope of winning a second term in the midst of the ongoing economic crisis. His father, ... Hoover seldom mentioned civil rights while he was president. [76], World War I had created a global food crisis that dramatically increased food prices and caused food riots and starvation in the countries at war. [34] They would remain married until Lou Henry's death in 1944. Though Hoover received a $5,000 salary (equivalent to $153,660 in 2019), conditions were harsh in the goldfields. [96] Despite his national renown, Hoover's service in the Wilson administration had alienated farmers and the conservative Old Guard of the GOP, and his presidential candidacy fizzled out after his defeat in the California primary by favorite son Hiram Johnson. [279], Hoover was inducted into the Australian Prospectors and Miners' Hall of Fame in the category Directors and Management.[280]. [7] Hoover's father, noted by the local paper for his "pleasant, sunshiny disposition", died in 1880 at the age of 34. Hoover's chief objective was to address the growing casualty toll of traffic accidents, but the scope of the conferences grew and soon embraced motor vehicle standards, rules of the road, and urban traffic control. [127] However, Hughes and Mellon declined to run, and other potential contenders like Frank Orren Lowden and Vice President Charles G. Dawes failed to garner widespread support. He believed blacks were inherently inferior and wanted to get rid of any blacks from positions of … [214] Franklin D. Roosevelt won the presidential nomination on the fourth ballot of the 1932 Democratic National Convention, defeating the 1928 Democratic nominee, Al Smith. He encouraged the development of emergency landing fields, required all runways to be equipped with lights and radio beams, and encouraged farmers to make use of planes for crop dusting. [48] Hoover worked with the Burma Corporation, a British firm that produced silver, lead, and zinc in large quantities at the Namtu Bawdwin Mine. Herbert Hoover décède en 1964, en plein milieu de la rédaction d'un livre. [154] He sought to avoid direct federal intervention, believing that the best way to bolster the economy was through the strengthening of businesses such as banks and railroads. After touring Germany, Hoover produced a number of reports critical of U.S. occupation policy. [34] The Hoover family began living in London in 1902, though they frequently traveled as part of Hoover's career. Hoover was awarded a honorary doctorate by the Charles University in Prague and University of Helsinki in March 1938. [183] He also helped arrange passage of the Glass–Steagall Act of 1932, emergency banking legislation designed to expand banking credit by expanding the collateral on which Federal Reserve banks were authorized to lend. [131], Hoover centered his campaign around the Republican record of peace and prosperity, as well as his own reputation as a successful engineer and public official. [234] He rejected Roosevelt's offers to help coordinate relief in Europe,[235] but, with the help of old friends from the CRB, helped establish the Commission for Polish Relief. [188] Despite the passage of the Revenue Act, the federal government continued to run a budget deficit. Nash. [138], Hoover's detractors wondered why he did not do anything to reapportion congress after the 1920 United States Census which saw an increase in urban and immigrant populations. So, if the 1932 election is a guide, Donald Trump is about to become, like Herbert Hoover, a failed one-term president. [82] The United States Food Administration became the American Relief Administration (ARA), and Hoover was charged with providing food to Central and Eastern Europe. Big Games: College Football's Greatest Rivalries – Page 222. I was on the slippery road of public life. In an early form of shuttle diplomacy, he crossed the North Sea forty times to meet with German authorities and persuade them to allow food shipments. The collection was renamed the Hoover War Library in 1922 and is now known as the Hoover Institution Library and Archives. [231], During a 1938 trip to Europe, Hoover met with Adolf Hitler and stayed at Hermann Göring's hunting lodge. Hoover did not completely refrain from the use of the military in Latin American affairs; he thrice threatened intervention in the Dominican Republic, and he sent warships to El Salvador to support the government against a left-wing revolution. Hoover and other London-based American businessmen established a committee to organize the return of the roughly 100,000 Americans stranded in Europe. [160] These actions were collectively designed to prevent a cycle of deflation and provide a fiscal stimulus. At the outbreak of World War I in August 1914, Herbert Hoover spearheaded an effort to ensure the safe return of 120,000 American tourists stranded in Europe.Germany’s invasion of Belgium then led Hoover to pool his money, along with several wealthy friends, to organize the Committee for the Relief of Belgium. [66] A British official described the CRB as a "piratical state organized for benevolence". [17], Hoover was a member of the inaugural "Pioneer Class" of Stanford University, entering in 1891 despite failing all the entrance exams except mathematics. He also agreed to manage a separate mine in the Altai Mountains that, according to Hoover, "developed probably the greatest and richest single body of ore known in the world". Hoover later claimed to be the first student at Stanford, by virtue of having been the first person in the first class to sleep in the dormitory. By logging in to LiveJournal using a third-party service you accept LiveJournal's User agreement, 1. [a] His father, Jesse Hoover, was a blacksmith and farm implement store owner of German, Swiss, and English ancestry. [40], After leaving Bewick, Moreing, Hoover worked as a London-based independent mining consultant and financier. [266], Hoover was extremely unpopular when he left office after the 1932 election, and his historical reputation would not begin to recover until the 1970s. [74] Earning the appellation of "food czar", Hoover recruited a volunteer force of hundreds of thousands of women and deployed propaganda in movie theaters, schools, and churches. [268] Biographer Glen Jeansonne writes that Hoover was "one of the most extraordinary Americans of modern times," adding that Hoover "led a life that was a prototypical Horatio Alger story, except that Horatio Alger stories stop at the pinnacle of success". Herbert Hoover (1874-1964), America’s 31st president, took office in 1929, the year the U.S. economy plummeted into the Great Depression. In 1930, he released the Clark Memorandum, a rejection of the Roosevelt Corollary and a move towards non-interventionism in Latin America. George F. Garcia. [193] Hoover further alienated black leaders by nominating conservative Southern judge John J. Parker to the Supreme Court; Parker's nomination ultimately failed in the Senate due to opposition from the NAACP and organized labor. This was the longest retirement in presidential history until Jimmy Carter broke that record in September 2012. [265] Then, on October 25, he was buried in West Branch, Iowa, near his presidential library and birthplace on the grounds of the Herbert Hoover National Historic Site. [72] With the U.S. mobilizing for war, President Woodrow Wilson appointed Hoover to head the U.S. Food Administration, which was charged with ensuring the nation's food needs during the war. 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