He worked as an intensive care nurse for more than six years. Advertisement. In George, J. Its phases provide simplicity regarding the natural progression of the nurse-patient relationship, which leads to adaptability in any nurse-patient interaction, thus providing generalizability. Peplau, ahead of her time, proposed an approach that valued the development of nursing knowledge in practice, while also combining both qualitative and quantitative methods. The interpersonal focus of Peplau’s theory requires that the nurse attend to the interpersonal processes that occur between the nurse and client. Her fifty-year career in nursing left an unforgettable mark on the field and on the lives of the mentally challenged in the United States. The person can take in all available stimuli (perceptual field). Peplau’s theory provides nursing a useful set of three interlocking and oftentimes overlapping working phases for nurses’ interaction with patients in the form of the nurse–patient relationship. George B. Julia, Nursing Theories- The base for professional Nursing Practice, 3rd ed. Nurse Salary: How Much Do Registered Nurses Make? Discover more. During the 1950s and 1960s, she supervised summer workshops for nurses throughout the United States, mostly in state psychiatric hospitals. Starts when the client meets nurse as a stranger, Defining problem and deciding the type of service needed, Client seeks assistance, conveys needs, asks questions, shares preconceptions and expectations of past experiences, Nurse responds, explains roles to the client, helps to identify problems and to use available resources and services, Selection of appropriate professional assistance, Patient begins to have a feeling of belonging and a capability of dealing with the problem which decreases the feeling of helplessness and hopelessness, Use of professional assistance for problem-solving alternatives, Advantages of services are used is based on the needs and interests of the patients, The individual feels like an integral part of the helping environment, They may make minor requests or attention-getting techniques, The principles of interview techniques must be used in order to explore, understand and adequately deal with the underlying problem, Nurse must be aware of the various phases of communication, Nurse aids the patient in exploiting all avenues of help and progress is made towards the final step, The patients needs have already been met by the collaborative effect of patient and nurse. The nursing model identifies four sequential phases in the interpersonal relationship: orientation, identification, exploitation, and resolution. Hildegard E. Peplau’s theory defined Nursing as “An interpersonal process of therapeutic interactions between an individual who is sick or in need of health services and a nurse especially educated to recognize, respond to the need for help.” It is a “maturing force and an educative instrument” involving an interaction between two or more individuals with a common goal. However, the idea of nurse-client cooperation is found narrow with those individuals who are unfit and powerless in conversing, specifically those who are unconscious and paralyzed. Four Phases of the therapeutic nurse-patient relationship: The orientation phase is directed by the nurse and involves engaging the client in treatment, providing explanations and information, and answering questions. Hildegard Peplau considers nursing to be a “significant, therapeutic, interpersonal process.” She defines it as a “human relationship between an individual who is sick, or in need of health services, and a nurse specially educated to recognize and to respond to the need for help.”. The four components of the theory are: person, which is a developing organism that tries to reduce anxiety caused by needs; environment, which consists of existing forces outside of the person, and put in the context of culture; health, which is a word symbol that implies forward movement of personality and nursing, which is a significant therapeutic interpersonal process that functions cooperatively with other human process that make health possible for individuals in communities. Norwalk, Appleton & Lange. Exploitation was very common by nurse’s employers, physicians and educational providers. Hildegard Elizabeth Peplau (September 1, 1909 – March 17, 1999) was an American nurse who is the only one to serve the American Nurses Association (ANA) as Executive Director and later as President. Peplau, H.E. The essence of Peplau model, organized as a process, is the human relationship between an individual patient, or requires health care, and a nurse especially educated to … Also, the theory cannot be used in a patient who doesn’t have a felt need such as with withdrawn patients. The concepts are highly applicable to the care of psychiatric patients considering Peplau’s background. In this phase, the task is "to build trust, rapport, establish a therapeutic environment, assess the patient's strengths and weakness and establish a mode of communication acceptable to both patient and nurse" (Lakeman). You may also like the following nursing theories study guides: With contributions by Wayne, G., Ramirez, Q. Nurseslabs.com is an education and nursing lifestyle website geared towards helping student nurses and registered nurses with knowledge for the progression and empowerment of their nursing careers. It involves interaction between two or more individuals with a common goal. Angelo Gonzalo earned his Nursing degree in the year 2010 and continued his studies at St. Paul University Manila taking up Masters of Arts in Nursing Major in Clinical Management. Personal space considerations and community social service resources are considered less. Peplau was devoted to nursing education at full length of her career. ). The family requested that memorial contributions be made to the Peplau Research Fund through the American Nurses Foundation. Health is defined as “a word symbol that implies forward movement of personality and other ongoing human processes in the direction of creative, constructive, productive, personal, and community living.”. Peplau defines man as an organism that “strives in its own way to reduce tension generated by needs.” The client is an individual with a felt need. She was the only nurse who served the ANA as executive director and later as president, she served two terms on the Board of the International Council of Nurses (ICN). A summer position as a nurse for the New York University summer camp led to a recommendation for Peplau to become the school nurse at Bennington College in Vermont, where she earned a Bachelor’s degree in interpersonal psychology. The final stage is ‘termination’ and, as the name suggests, this stage of the nurse-client relationship in Peplau’s Theory involves the client being able to self-manage their initial issue of concern. Recommendations. He has also been involved in community development for 10 years steering programs on good governance, health, sports, and education. In 1989, Springer published a volume of selected works of Peplau from previously unpublished papers. Furthermore, research studies have proven it to be effective in improving patient satisfaction, quality of … As a stranger, the nurse receives the patient in the same way the patient meets a stranger in other life situations. Peplau’s lifelong work was largely focused on extending Sullivan’s interpersonal theory for use in nursing practice. This award is given once every four years for outstanding national and international contributions to nursing and healthcare. The relationship ends. Peplau’s theory focuses on the interpersonal processes and therapeutic relationship that develops between the nurse and client. In 1918, she witnessed the devastating flu epidemic that greatly influenced her understanding of the impact of illness and death on families. Hildegard Peplau is a nurse theorist who created the Theory of Interpersonal Relations. • Their main aim is to address knowledge of the nursing discipline through explication and expansion of a given phenomenon related to healing. The theory can be used to educate nursing students on the importance of self-awareness and interest. Identification, 3. After the war, Peplau was at the table with many of these same men as they worked to reshape the mental health system in the United States through the passage of the National Mental Health Act of 1946. An individual learns when she or he selects stimuli in the environment and then reacts to these stimuli. Theory and practice of nursing.nelson thornes publishers;2003:547-548. The art and science of nursing: Similarities, differences, and relations. Peplau's theory is based upon "recognizing the importance of nursing rather than continuing to define and delineate nursing" (Pearson, 2005, p. 179). Strengths of Impersonal Relations Theory One of Peplau’s theory strengths is patients’ increased recruitment, retention, and participation in a research study (Penckofer et al., 2011). Pre/Post an interpersonal process of therapeutic interaction model assessment format: It based on Peplaus Theory 4 phases and includes: 1. Therapeutic Communication Techniques Quiz. In the resolution phase, the client no longer needs professional services and gives up dependent behavior. Linking nurses and their information and knowledge across borders – around the world – will surely advance the profession of nursing much more rapidly in the next century” But it is not limited in those set of individuals. Now they need to terminate their therapeutic relationship and dissolve the links between them. Peplau’s theory helped later nursing theorists and clinicians develop more therapeutic interventions regarding the roles that show the dynamic character typical in clinical nursing. Interpersonal competencies of nurses are key to assisting patients in the work necessary for regaining health and well-being. And in 1998, the ANA inducted her into its Hall of Fame. Peplau’s original book from 1952 has been translated into nine languages and in 1989 was reissued in Great Britain by Macmillan of London. Hildegard Elizabeth Peplau (September 1, 1909 – March 17, 1999) was an American nurse who is the only one to serve the American Nurses Association (ANA) as Executive Director and later as President. Brief Description “Peplau’s work is a middle-range descriptive classification theory that focuses on the phases of the interpersonal process that occur when an ill person and a nurse come together to resolve a health-related difficulty.” (Fawcett, J., & DeSanto-Madeya, S. (2013). Studying Peplau’s Interpersonal Relations Theory of Nursing can be very substantial especially to those who are aspiring to be part of the profession. In George, J. Peplaus Interpersonal Theory Essay. Peplau held master’s and doctoral degrees from Teachers College, Columbia University in 1947. The person may bolt and run aimlessly, often exposing himself or herself to injury. Applying Peplau’s Theory of Interpersonal Relations. She participated in many government policy making groups. The idea of a nurse-client interaction is limited with those individuals incapable of conversing, specifically those who are unconscious. The phases of the therapeutic nurse-client are highly comparable to the nursing process making it vastly applicable. Assist the patient to identify strengths abilities and interests. In the early 1950s, she developed and taught the first classes for graduate psychiatric nursing students at Teachers College. Her achievements are valued by nurses all over the world and became known to many as the “Mother of Psychiatric Nursing” and the “Nurse of the Century.”. II. He would like to impart the importance of understanding nursing theories that he hopes to be translated successfully to practice. On March 17, 1999, Peplau died peacefully in her sleep at home in Sherman Oaks, California. – Hildegard Peplau. After graduating in Pennsylvania, Hildegard Peplau then worked as a staff nurse in her place and in New York City. Her book on her conceptual framework, Interpersonal Relations in Nursing, was completed in 1948. Weaknesses: Health promotion and maintenance were less emphasized. Nursing Theory Assignment: Hildegard Peplau’s Theory Ana Hernandez California State University, Dominguez Hills School of Nursing BSN 302-98 Lorna B. Diaz, MSN, BSN, RN The Mother Of Psychiatric Nursing, Hildegard Peplau Hildegard Peplau was an influential nursing theorist, who’s also known as the “mother of psychiatric nursing.” And as a member of the New Jersey State Nurses Association, she actively contributed to the ANA by serving on various committees and task forces. In the exploitation phase, the client makes full use of the services offered. Marchese K. Using Peplau’s theory of interpersonal relations to guide the education of patients undergoing urinary diversion. Peplau was acknowledged with numerous awards and honors for her contributions to nursing and held 11 honorary degrees. Orientation, 2. Peplau’s theory has proved of great use to later nurse theorists and clinicians in developing more sophisticated and therapeutic nursing interventions including the seven nursing roles, which show the dynamic character roles typical in clinical nursing. She was a prolific writer and was equally well known for her presentations, speeches, and clinical training workshops. When the patient can begin to identify problems the relationship progresses to the working phase. Peplau, H. E. (1952). A confirmatory factor analysis of data from the responses of 12,436 patients to 16 items on the Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems–Hospital survey was used to test a latent factor structure based on Peplau’s middle-range theory of interpersonal relations. The nurse has a variety of roles in Hildegard Peplau’s nursing theory. In 1931, she graduated in Pottstown, Pennsylvania School of Nursing. The theory cannot be used in a patient who doesn’t have a … Some areas are not specific enough to generate a hypothesis. (Ed. The model views the individual as being an unstable system where equilibrium is a desirable state, but occurs only through death. “Nursing has made great progress from being an occupation to becoming a profession in the 20th. Peplau went on to form an interpersonal model emphasizing the need for a partnership between nurse and client as opposed to the client passively receiving treatment and the nurse passively acting out doctor’s orders. 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Strengths: 20. The theory explains the purpose of nursing is to help others identify their felt difficulties and that nurses should apply principles of human relations to the problems that arise at all levels of experience. Assessment coincides with the orientation phase; nursing diagnosis and planning with the identification phase; implementation as to the exploitation phase; and lastly, evaluation with the resolution phase. Once the patient identifies the problems, they move on to the working phase. In turn, she also demonstrated how this model could be used as a process when she introduced the Four Phases of Nurse-Patient Relationship.