micrococcus lylae pathogen

M. luteus is most common and is found in nature and in clinical specimens. ... Micrococcus lylae and Micrococcus kristinae. No immunological or biochemical detection techniques are currently available. While wearing protective clothing, gently cover the spill with absorbent paper towel and apply appropriate disinfectant, starting at perimeter and working towards the centre. This species is nonmotile, catalase and urease positive, indole negative, does not reduce nitrate, is negative for the methyl red test and contains the amino sugar galactosamine in the cell wall. They usually occur in irregular clusters, tetrads, and pairs(2,3), where individual cells are about 1 to 1.8 µm in diameter(2) and are usually non-motile and non-spore-forming(3). Although the information, opinions and recommendations contained in this Pathogen Safety Data Sheet are compiled from sources believed to be reliable, we accept no responsibility for the accuracy, sufficiency, or reliability or for any loss or injury resulting from the use of the information. Micrococcus lylae Type Strain: Yes Family: Micrococcaceae Hazard Group (ACDP): 2 Release Restrictions: Terms & Conditions of Supply of Microbial Pathogens: Safety; Conditions for growth on solid media: Nutrient agar, 24-48 hours, 37°C, aerobic Conditions for growth on liquid media: 1974.This name appeared on the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names 1980. Lancet 1:1155-1158. The species Micrococcus lylae was originally described by Kloos et al. The GC content of the DNA ranges from 65 to 75 mol%. PRIMARY HAZARDS: Likelihood of infection is low; however, avoid accidental parenteral inoculation, ingestion, and inhalation of infectious droplets. SOURCES/SPECIMENS: Skin (particularly in exposed regions of the body) of humans and animals, dairy products, and various environmental sources, including soil, marine and fresh water, plants, fomites, dust, and air(2,3). Public Health Agency of Canada, 2010 approb. They are normal We report here the genome sequence of Micrococcus luteus NCTC2665 (DSM 20030T), a strain of historical interest, since Fleming used it to demonstrate bacteriolytic activity (due to The normal habitat for this Micrococcus species is skin, dust, and water. Micrococcus is generally thought to be a saprotrophic or commensal organism, though it can be an opportunistic pathogen, particularly in hosts with compromised immune systems, such as HIVpatients. Kloos WE and Musselwhite MS. 1975. They do not survive well and die quickly in natural soil. PROTECTIVE CLOTHING: Properly fastened protective laboratory clothing. Micrococci are microbiologically characterized as gram-positive cocci, 0.5 to 3.5 Î¼m (micrometres; 1 Î¼m = 10-6 metre) in diameter. The normal habitat for this Micrococcus species is skin, dust, and water. Analyses of the 16S rRNA gene sequences of three representatives (strains D7, 118 and Ballarat) indicated that they all belong to the genus Micrococcus. Micrococcus luteus is a consti â¦ A rare case of prosthetic valve endocarditis caused by Micrococcus luteus is described and compared with the few cases reported in the literature, as well as the clinical features, microbiological profile, therapy, and prognosis of common prosthetic valve endocarditis. Note: All diagnostic methods are not necessarily available in all countries. It grows in tetrads, irregular clusters, and cubical packets of eight, and colonies are often brightly pigmented. Overall View; micrococcus lylae. Meningitis caused by micrococcus luteus: Case report and review of literature - IJMMTD- Print ISSN No: - 2581-4753 Online ISSN No:- 2581-4761 Article DOI No:- 10.18231/2581-4761.2019.0015, IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases-IP Int J Med Microbiol Trop Dis Most species produce carotenoid pigments. Its type strain is ATCC 27566. An obligate aerobe, M. luteus is found in soil, dust, water and air, and as part of the normal microbiota of the mammalian skin. CONTAINMENT REQUIREMENTS: Containment Level 1 facilities, equipment, and operational practices for work involving infectious or potentially infectious materials. MODE OF TRANSMISSION: Transmission is possible through contact with contaminated objects and/or surfaces (demonstrated by bacterial transfer associated with paper-towel dispensing)(4). If the species was not widely studied, the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) was used to determine the optimal pH for storage. This risk group applies to the genus as a whole, and may not apply to every species within the genus. Last edited on 24 February 2021, at 11:14, "Isolation and Characterization of Micrococci From Human Skin, Including Two New Species: Micrococcus lylae and Micrococcus kristinae", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Micrococcus_lylae&oldid=1008655404, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 24 February 2021, at 11:14. 1974 (approved lists 1980) emend wieser et al. and closely related genera, occur worldwide and are ubiquitous. and closely related genera are generally regarded as harmless saprophytes that inhabit or contaminate the skin, mucosa, and perhaps also the oropharynx; however, they can be opportunistic pathogens for the immunocompromised(2,3). Micrococcus lylae. CHARACTERISTICS: Micrococcus spp. It can be difficult to identify Micrococcus as the cause of an infection, since the organism is a normally present in skin microflora, and the genus is seldom linked to disease. PATHOGENICITY/TOXICITY: Micrococcus spp. They are usually normal flora but can be opportunistic pathogens in certain immunocompromised patients. â¦ Canada. Micrococci are usually not pathogenic. Micrococcus lylae is a gram positive bacterium. An unrelated species of gram-positive cocci exhibiting positive catalase reaction and occurring in human specimens is Alloiococcus otitis, the only species of this genus, which â¦ LABORATORY-ACQUIRED INFECTIONS: No cases of laboratory-acquired infections have been reported to date. It is urease and catalase positive. You will not receive a reply. Copyright © A subsequent emendation was proposed by â¦ Newly discovered hazards are frequent and this information may not be completely up to date. For enquiries, contact us. published an emended description of this species in 2002. The three isolates shared the highest sequence similarities with Micrococcus luteus DSM 20030T (97.9-98%), Micrococcus antarcticus AS 1.2372T (97.9-98.3%) and Micrococcus lylae DSM 20315T (97.5-97.9%). Isolation and Characterization of Micrococci From Human Skin, Including Two New Species: Micrococcus lylae and Micrococcus kristinae January 1974 International Journal of â¦ DRUG RESISTANCE: Resistance has been found in certain strains against nitrofurantoin, macrolides (erythromycin), and lincomycin(5,6). Micrococcus lylae are Gram positive cocci mostly arranged in tetrads. However, Micrococcus strains have been reported to cause various types of infections, usually as opportunistic pathogens. M lylae has been isolated from human skin and is considered pathogenic in â¦ DRUG SUSCEPTIBILITY: Micrococcus spp. Int. Gloves when direct skin contact with infected materials or animals is unavoidable(11). 1979. It grows in tetrads, irregular clusters, and cubical packets of eight, and colonies are often brightly pigmented. They have been associated with various infections, including bacteremia, continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis peritonitis, and infections associated with ventricular shunts and central venous catheters(2). They are catalase â¦ A species of aerobic, Gram positive, cocci shaped bacteria in the phylum Actinobacteria. Top Human Pathogens; Statistics. Micrococcus lylae is een Gram positieve coccus uit de familie Micrococcaceae. It can be difficult to identify Micrococcus as the cause of an infection, since the organism is a normally present in skin microflora, and the genus is seldom linked to disease. The genus Micrococcus is not considered to be pathogenic. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 24(1):79-101. Bacteria; Actinobacteria; Actinobacteria (class); Actinobacteridae; Actinomycetales; Micrococcineae; Micrococcaceae [2] Its type strain is ATCC 27566. Nine yellow-pigmented, spherical bacterial strains isolated from a medieval wall painting (strain D7), from indoor air (strains 3, 6, 7, 13C2, 38, 83 and 118) and from an activated-sludge plant (strain Ballarat) were classified by a polyphasic PATHOGENICITY/TOXICITY: Micrococcus spp. [1] The normal habitat for this Micrococcus species is skin, dust, and water. The primary habitat is mammalian skin. It can form in tetrads or irregular clusters but not in chains and belongs to the family Micrococcaceae. Micrococcus now includes only ï¬ve species: M. luteus, M. lylae, M. antarcticus, M. endophyticus, and M. ï¬avus (20, 69, 70, 121). SYNONYM OR CROSS REFERENCE: M. luteus, M. lylae, M. antarcticus, and more recently M. endophyticus, M. flavus, M. terreus, and M. yunnanensis. STORAGE: The infectious agent should be stored in sealed containers that are appropriately labelled(11). Fact Sheet: Micrococcus luteus Download PDF here. Micrococcus luteus is a Gram-positive, to Gram-variable, nonmotile, coccus, tetrad-arranging, pigmented, saprotrophic bacterium that belongs to the family Micrococcaceae. Characterized as Micrococcus species by an extensive array of traditional biochemical methods and cell wall and deoxyribonucleic acid base analyses (1, 2, 4, 8, 9), these included: ten strains each ofM. heter treated at our institution from 2001 to 2006. Growth of micrococci may be significantly reduced at temperatures >45 °C, pH <6, and in high salt concentrations (>15%)(9). It grows in tetrads, irregular clusters, and cubical packets of eight, and colonies are â¦ DISPOSAL: Decontaminate, either by steam sterilization, incineration, or chemical disinfection, before disposal(11). ; M. luteus was first known as Micrococcus lysodeikticus and was discovered by Alexander â¦ Parameter Defination and notes; Optimal pH: The optimal pH at which this species grows. 1) 20 20 (100) 16 (11-22) 0.13 ... skin, including two new species: Micrococcus lylae and Micrococcus kristinae. In rare cases, death of immunocompromised patients has occurred from pulmonary infections caused by Micrâ¦ Micrococcus lylae Kloos et al. They are found on the skin of humans and other animals and in soil, marine and fresh water, plants, fomites, dust, and air(2,3). SURVEILLANCE: Monitor for symptoms. PATHOGENICITY/TOXICITY: Micrococcus spp. Description: Micrococcus luteus (M. luteus) is a Gram-positive to Gram-variable, non-motile, coccus, saprotrophic bacterium. Pathogenecity of Micrococcus. COMMUNICABILITY: Not known to be transmitted directly from person-to-person. are gram-positive, oxidase-positive, and strictly aerobic cocci belonging to the family Micrococcaceae(2,3). Micrococcus species from skin (66 to 72% GC) were obtained from Wesley E. Kloos of North Carolina State University. RESERVOIR: Humans and animals (ubiquitous in the environment)(2,3). They are catalase positive and usually aerobic with strictly respiratory metabolism. One study (of 115 people) reports that up to 96% of people living in 18 states of USA carried micrococci, with the majority being M. luteus(3). They have been associated with various infections, including bacteremia, continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis peritonitis, and infections associated witâ¦ The carriage rates were highest on the skin of the head, legs, and arms compared to those for nares and axillae. Wieser et al. Micrococcus lylae is a gram positive bacterium. Thirty-one (33%) of 93 patients with PH requiring epoprostenol infusion had a total of 45 bloodstream infections. Allow sufficient contact time before clean up(11). Transmission via inhalation of contaminated droplets and/or aerosols may also be possible. Distribution and persistence of Staphylococcus and Micrococcus species and other aerobic bacteria on human skin. M. luteus was unlikely to be the primary pathogen. 2002, nom. RISK GROUP CLASSIFICATION: Risk Group 1(10). Its type strain is ATCC 27566. In humans, they are most frequently found on the exposed skin of face, arms, hands, and legs. Micrococcus lylae CCUG 68719 is an aerobe, mesophilic bacterium that was isolated from Hygiene,industry.. aerobe; mesophilic; Bacteria Micrococcus lylae. Natlonal Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Micrococcus lylae. FIRST AID/TREATMENT: Appropriate antibiotic therapy should be administered as required, treatment should be supportive. The genus Micrococcus consists of Gram-positive spheres occurring in tetrads and in irregular clusters that are usually nonmotile and nonsporeforming. HOST RANGE: Humans(2,3), mammals, and some marine animals (including some fish, sharks, crustacean shellfish, shrimps, and prawns)(3). No episodes of micrococcal bloodstream infection were identified in 657 â¦ Metadata on 157024. Importance of coagulase-negative staphylococci as pathogens in the urinary tract. M. luteus has been reported as the causative agent in cases of intracranial abscesses, pneumonia, septic arthritis, endocarditis, and meningitis(2). Users are responsible for ensuring they are compliant with all relevant acts, regulations, guidelines, and standards. Back to Glossary Index Page. They have also been isolated from blood and surgical specimens in some patients with coronary and infectious conditions(3). Thus, M. luteus strains were associated with septic arthritis, prosthetic valve endocarditis, and recurrent bacteremia. EPIDEMIOLOGY: Micrococcus spp. PHYSICAL INACTIVATION: Bacteria are generally sensitive to moist heat and dry heat(8) . They are strictly aerobic. Micrococcus lylae Other Names: MICROCOCCUS CREMORIS-VISCOSI Type Strain: No Family: Micrococcaceae Hazard Group (ACDP): 2 Release Restrictions: Terms & Conditions of Supply of Microbial Pathogens: Safety; Conditions for growth on solid media: nutrient agar,37, facultative anaerobe Micrococcus, genus of spherical bacteria in the family Micrococcaceae that is widely disseminated in nature. Micrococcus is generally thought to be a saprophytic or commensal organism, though it can be an opportunistic pathogen, particularly in hosts with compromised immune systems, such as HIV patients. Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis accounted for 21 (46%), followed by Micrococcus species with 5 cases (11%). Micrococcus spp. Difference between Staphylococcus and Micrococcus November 24, 2015 Acharya Tankeshwar Bacteriology , Difference Between , Microbiology for Beginners 8 Staphylococcus and Micrococcus both are Gram positive cocci (GPC). can be isolated from biological samples (taken from skin) using culture techniques (on agar media)(2,3). They are strictly aerobic . Transmission usually occurs through contaminated surfaces and/or objects. REGULATORY INFORMATION: The import, transport, and use of pathogens in Canada is regulated under many regulatory bodies, including the Public Health Agency of Canada, Health Canada, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Environment Canada, and Transport Canada. List of Bacterial Names with Standing in Nomenclature. PREPARED BY: Pathogen Regulation Directorate, Public Health Agency of Canada. They have been shown to persist on human skin for extended periods of time ranging from few months to at least one year (up to two and a half years for several strains of M. luteus)(3). SURVIVAL OUTSIDE HOST: Micrococci are relatively resistant to drying and to moderate temperature changes(2). Micrococcus is not considered as a pathogen but in individuals with a compromised immune system, such as newborn infants or patients with AIDS, M. luteus can cause skin infections that produce pruritic eruptions, sometimes with central ulceration, accompanied by severe itching; in immunocompromised patients it occasionally causes â¦ and closely related genera are generally regarded as harmless saprophytes that inhabit or contaminate the skin, mucosa, and perhaps also the oropharynx; however, they can be opportunistic pathogens for the immunocompromised(2,3). De naam kan worden afgekort tot M. lylae. Micrococcus lylae is a gram positive bacterium. are relatively susceptible to most antibiotics, including vancomycin, penicillin, gentamicin, and clindamycin, which have been successfully used for treating infections caused by these bacteria(2). Alternative Names micrococcus lylae kloos et al. Scientific Name micrococcus lylae. SUSCEPTIBILITY TO DISINFECTANTS: Gram-positive bacteria are generally susceptible to a number of disinfectants, including phenolic compounds, hypochlorites (1% sodium hypochlorite), alcohols (70% ethanol), formaldehyde (18.5 g/L; 5% formalin in water), glutaraldehyde, iodines (0.075 g/L)(7). Micrococcus spp. SPILLS: Allow aerosols to settle. Former members of the genus Micrococcus, now assigned to other genera, include Arthrobacter agilis, Nesterenkonia halobia, Kocuria kristinae, K. rosea, K. varians, Kytococcus sedentarius, and Dermacoccus nishinomiyaensis (1,2). 1974 (Approved Lists 1980) emend Wieser et al. 12. Micrococcus luteus was differentiated from M. lylae based on colony colour and growth in inorganic nitrogen agar (Holt et al., 1994; Kocur et al. Historically, the genera Staphylococcus and Micrococcus were placed together with the genera Stomatococcusand Planococcus in the family Micrococcaceae containing grampositive, catalase-positive cocci. The majority of strains are nonpathogenic, but some strains may occasionally be opportunist pathogens. An aerobic, gram-positive coccus occurring in tetrads (groups of four) and produces an unpigmented or a cream or white colony. and closely related genera are generally regarded as harmless saprophytes that inhabit or contaminate the skin, mucosa, and perhaps also the oropharynx; however, they can be opportunistic pathogens for â¦