[1], In the 2018 study, 10 out of 17 samples from Croatia had a successful Y-DNA sequencing; two Croatia Cardial Neolithic (6005-5786 BCE) samples from Zemunica Cave belonged to C1a2 and E1b1b1a1b1, Early-Neolithic Starčevo (5837-5659 BCE) from Beli Manastir-Popova zemlja to C, Early-Neolithic Croatia Impressa (5641-5560 BCE) from Kargadur to G2a2a1, two Middle-Neolithic Sopot (5207-4546 BCE) samples from Osijek to G2a2a1 and J2a1, Late-Neolithic Sopot (4790-4558 BCE) from Beli Manastir-Popova zemlja to I, two Vučedol (2884-2582 BCE) samples from Beli Manastir-Popova zemlja and Vucedol Tell to R1b1a1a2a2 and G2a2a1a2a, and the Early-Middle Bronze Age (1631-1521 BCE) sample from Veliki Vanik belonged to J2b2a. Although it is … [5] The highest frequency in Croatian mainland has been found in Žumberak (18.2%)[8] and Osijek (10.3%),[6] in central islands Dugi Otok (15.9%) and Ugljan (13.2%), as well southern islands Vis (23.4%) and Mljet (15.4%). [36] Overall the haplogroup U, including its subclades like U5, is the most frequent in the city of Dubrovnik (19.9%) and islands Lastovo (23.5%) and Cres (29.4%). [17] The most recent research by O.M. [27], In the table below is cited the most extensive study (2012) until now on the population in Croatia. Csáky et al. Dogan S(1), Babic N(2), Gurkan C(3), Goksu A(4), Marjanovic D(5), Hadziavdic V(2). Y haplogroup O appears in 80-90% of all men in East and Southeast Asia, and it is almost exclusive to that region. Deepak Chopra (b. Haplogroup I2a* appears to have originated in the Balkans, perhaps from a glacial refuge there. Both branches were also found among the Huns, which suggests a common origin to both tribes. Data is still sparse about this subclade, but is it reasonable to assume that it has been in South Asia at least since the end of the last Ice Age, long before the Indo-European migrations. Ponekada se un… The charts on this page depict haplogroup data for the numerically largest ethnic groups residing in this country. [36], Haplogroup V (under HV > HV0) is a younger sister clade of haplogroup H,[33] and has almost the same minimum and maximum frequency (4-5.7%) in both continental and insular populations, with exception in Korčula (8.2%),[36] as well lower frequency in Mljet (1.5%), Lastovo (2%) and Dubrovnik (3.3%). Haplogroup Q quickly split into two main branches: Q1a and Q1b. The maternal equivalents of that Siberian Q1a2 in prehistoric Eastern Europe are probably mtDNA haplogroups C4a and C5, which have been found Mesolithic Karelia (north-western Russia), in the Neolithic Dnieper-Donets culture in Ukraine, and in the Bronze Age Catacomb culture in the Pontic Steppe. Upravo ta mutacija se naziva marker, i taj marker, tj. [7] The sub-populations were divided in five regions which sub-populations showed strong similarity and homogeneity of paternal genetic contribution, with exception of sub-population from southern Croatia who showed a mild difference. [33], Haplogroup J is the third most frequent haplogroup (7.5% in 2020[34]), with 11.9% in the mainland but only 3.1% in the coast, however the islands had higher frequencies than the coastal population Korčula (6.1%), Brač (8.6%), Krk (9%), Hvar (9.3%),[36] peak in Žumberak (12.34%)[37] and Lastovo (19.6%),[33] while in Cres is almost totally absent. The slight peak of shared IBD segments between South and East-West Slavs suggests a shared "Slavonic-time ancestry". Oddly enough, the L804 branch, which descends from the same Northeast Siberian branch as the Native American M3, is now found exclusively in Germanic countries, including Scandinavia, Germany, Britain and northern France. [4] The northern and the western parts of that sea were steppes and plains, while the modern Croatian islands (rich in Paleolithic archeological sites) were hills and mountains. The Haplogroup Q is rare in Sardinia (2%), in Europe it shows the highest frequencies among Norwegians, Swedish, Slovaks and Ukrainians. [35], Haplogroup T is third or fourth most frequent haplogroup (10% in 2020[34]). Alternatively, L804 might have come as a minor lineage accompanying haplogroup N1c1 from Mongolia until it reached Northeast Europe during the Neolithic period, some 7,000 years ago. (2020), the distribution of ancestral subclades like of I-CTS10228 among contemporary carriers indicates a rapid expansion from Southeastern Poland, is mainly related to the Slavs and their medieval migration, and the "largest demographic explosion occurred in the Balkans". Sari et al. Haplogroup N is predominantly found in northeastern Europe and especially in Finland. Tony Kushner (b. Croatia Haplogroups (cursor over slice for #) Croatia Sub-Haplogroups (cursor over slice for #) Data Sources and Notes. Approximately 90% of pre-Columbian Native Americans belonged to haplogroup Q, and all descend from the branch Q1a2a1 (L54), including various subclades of Q1a2a1a1 (M3) and Q1a2a1a2 (Z780). Author: Maciamo Hay. [18] This "Balkan cluster" also has the highest variance in Ukraine, which indicates that the very high frequency in the Western Balkan is because of a founder effect. [33] A moderate genetic isolate can also be considered for the continental population of mountainous region Žumberak because they had a loose affinity with Uskoks's proposed region of origin (Bosnians, Herzegovinians, southern Croatians) or to their current closest neighbors (northern Croatians and Slovenians). Haplogroup Q has been identified in Iron Age remains from Hunnic sites in Mongolia by Petkovski et al. [35][33] It is the oldest European haplogroup (coalescence age circa 50,000 YBP) and its subclade U5 makes the majority of the haplogroup diversity in Europe. informacija o mutaciji se prenosi od prve osobe kod koje je došlo do mutacije, pa sve do svih potomaka hiljadama godina unaprijed. The rare Y-haplogroup C1a2, descendent from the Aurignacian Cro-Magnons, was also identified. 2014 IBD analysis also found "multi-directional admixture events among East Europeans (both Slavic and non-Slavic), dated to around 1,000–1,600 YBP" which coincides with "the proposed time-frame for the Slavic expansion". The Avars' maternal lineages in the study were predominantly Siberian and East Central Asian in origin (mtDNA haplogroups C4a, C4b, D4i, F1b1, M7c1b2b, R2, Y1 and Z1a), but comprised a substantial minority of East European lineages too (H5a, H8, J1b, T1a1b, U5a1, U5b1b - all typical of the Pontic-Caspian Steppe). [citation needed] Haplogroup L1 is a daughter of L1-6 and genetic marker changes are 3666, 7055, 7389, 13789, 14178 and 14560. [19], The highest frequency of the haplogroup Haplogroup R1b (7.9%-9.1%), which in Croatia is divided into several subclades (mainly R-L23 and its subclade R-U152), has in northern (10.9%) and central (11.8%) region of Croatia,[7] while locally in the Croats from the island of Krk (16.2%) and Dugi Otok (25%),[3][8] and Žumberak (11.3%),[8] while in the southern islands, city of Dubrovnik (3.9%) and in Bosnian Croats it is almost absent (1-6%),[3][6][8] or like in Osijek it was not found. The other branch, Q1b1b (Y2265) is found in Central Asia, Iran, Pakistan and India, a distribution that also agrees with an Indo-Iranian dispersal. These haplogroups show south-north gradiation. [8] It has highest frequency in northern region of Croatia (29.1%), and almost the same lowest frequency in eastern (18.6%), southern (19.1%), and western (20%) region of Croatia. [6] Subclade G2a-P15 both in Croatian and Bosnian Croats is found in low numbers (1.1%),[6] but peaks locally in the north-eastern town of Osijek (13.8%),[6] and the southern islands of Mljet (15.4%), Korčula (10.4%), Brač (6%) as well northern island Cres (7%). [7] The haplogroup R-M17 in Croatia is mostly divided into two subclades, R-M558 which is predominant (19.2%), and R-M458 (4.9%), while R-Z282 is rare (1.2%). The three other Avar men belonged to a branch of N1c1 found around Mongolia and Central Asia. The age estimate for the Middle Eastern Q1b1a (L245) branch is 4,500 years, which corresponds roughly to the beginning of the Proto-Indo-Iranian expansion to Central Asia. Both scenarios are possible as modern Scandinavians belong to two distinct branches of L56: Y4827 and L804. (2013). Widely considered as one of the cradles of human civilization, Mesopotamia is largely situated in the Republic of Iraq, which is also the birthplace of the Sumerian, Akkadian, Assyrian and Babylonian civilizations. One hypothesis is that Q1b reached the Middle East alongside haplogroup R1a-Z93 with the Indo-Iranian migrations from Central Asia during the Late Bronze Age. Informacija u kromozomu Y se prenosi bez bilo kakve izmjena s oca na sina, iz generacije u generaciju, osim u slucaju mutacije. Like the other Scandinavian branch (L527>Y4827), its genetic diversity suggests that this lineage expanded from a single ancestor living approximately 3,000 years ago, presumably in Scandinavia, in what would have been the Nordic Bronze Age. Both are present in "informative frequencies in Balkan populations with known Slavonic heritage". The high frequency of U4 in Lastovo (11.8%) indicates founder effect. Q descends from haplogroup P, which is also the ancestor of haplogroups R1a and R1b. (2013) also found 6.1% of haplogroup Q out of 412 samples from the island of Hvar in southern Croatia (accompanied by 2% of East Asian mtDNA haplogroup F). [33], Haplogroup K (7.5% in 2020[34]) has average frequency of 3.6% in the mainland and 6.3% in the coast, it is absent in Lastovo[33] and it has lowest frequency in the islands Cres (3.36%)[35] and Hvar (3.7%), while highest in the island Brač (9.5%). Haplogroup Q is primarily associated with Native American populations. [11] Although it is considered that I-L621 might have been present in the Cucuteni–Trypillia culture,[19] until now was only found G2a,[20] and another subclade I2a1a1-CTS595 was present in the Baden culture of the Calcholitic Carpathian Basin. (2014), Admixture analysis on the resolution level of 6 assumed ancestral populations per Kushniarevich et al. (2015), Genetic structure within European context according to three genetic systems atDNA (A), YDNA (B) and mtDNA (C) per Kushniarevich et al. If you are new to genetic genealogy, please check our Introduction to phylogenetics to understand how to read a phylogenetic tree. This is consistent with an origin in the Eurasian Steppe. In eastern Europe, it is frequently associated with Slavic populations. [39] According to Kushniarevich et al., the Hellenthal et al. An additional significant migration happened from Bosnia and Herzegovina, an expansion which was influenced by the Ottoman Empire's conquest since the 15th century, as well by Croatian immigration prior and post World Wars I and II and Croatian War of Independence. [12], Haplogroup's N subclades are rare in Croatia (0.6%-2.2%). The northern Q1a tribes expanded over Siberia as the climate warmed up after the LGM. CHROMOSOME is a structure found in the nucleus of a cell that contains genetic material. [19][21] Although it is dominant among the modern Slavic peoples on the territory of the former Balkan provinces of the Roman Empire, until now it was not found among the samples from the Roman period and is almost absent in contemporary population of Italy. and it’s branches identified so far among Serbs include Q-L713, Q-Y2209 and Q-L330. [7][8], Haplogroup I among Croats from Croatia is around 43.5%,[7] while in Šokci, a subgroup of Croats from eastern Croatia, is between 44% and 50% of the same haplogroup. Haplogroup H is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup. For more information about chart, please see here. [31] The 2014 study of a male skeleton found in Split from Late Roman Period (dated 1760±80 YBP) showed that belonged to haplogroup H.[32], Genetically, on the maternal mitochondrial DNA line, a majority (>65%) of Croats from Croatia (mainland and coast) belong to three of the eleven major European mtDNA haplogroups - H (25.5-45%), U (18.85-22%), J (7.5-11%), while a large minority (>35%) belongs to many other smaller haplogroups. The only primary subclades of P1 are Haplogroup Q (Q-M242) and Haplogroup R (R-M207). [35] It is a characteristic haplogroup of the early farmers. [18] More specifically, the cluster is represented by a single SNP, I-PH908, known as I2a1a2b1a1a1c in ISOGG phylogenetic tree (2019), and according to YFull YTree it formed and had TMRCA approximately 1,850-1,700 YBP. Y-DNA Haplogroup Q-M242 comes from P1-M45, arose in Central Asia around 20,000 ybp and spread via the Altai-Baikal region of northern Eurasia to China and went about 16,000 ybp along the Bering strait to North America and South America. Q-M242 has two son branches. It is generally considered that N-M231 arose in East Asia approximately 19,400 (±4,800) years ago and populated northern Eurasia after the Last Glacial Maximum.Males carrying the marker apparently moved northwards as … As it is now well known, I2a1 is a typical European haplogroup.